CASSELL'S ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND


CASSELL'S
HISTORY OF ENGLAND

FROM THE DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL TO
THE ILLNESS OF THE PRINCE OF WALES

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS,
INCLUDING COLOURED
AND REMBRANDT PLATES

VOL. VI

THE KING'S EDITION

CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED
LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE
MCMIX


ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


[v]

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (continued).

PAGE

The Papal Aggressions—The Ecclesiastical Titles Bill—Mr. Locke King's Motion on County Franchise—Resignation ofthe Government—The Great Exhibition—The President of the French Republic and the Assembly—Preparations forthe Coup d'État—The Barricades—The Plébiscite—Weakness of the Russell Administration—Independence of LordPalmerston—The Queen's Memorandum—Dismissal of Palmerston—The Militia Bill—Russell is turned out—TheDerby Ministry—The General Election—Defeat of the Conservatives—Death and Funeral of the Duke of Wellington—TheAberdeen Administration—Mr. Gladstone's Budget—The Eastern Question again—The Diplomatic Wrangle—TheSultan's Firman—Afif Bey's Mission—Difficulties in Montenegro—England and France—The MenschikoffMission—Lord Stratford de Redcliffe's Instructions—The Czar and Sir Hamilton Seymour—Menschikoff at Constantinople—TheEnglish and French Fleets—Arrival of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe—Menschikoff's ulterior Demands—Actionof the Powers 1

CHAPTER II.

THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (continued).

Widening of the Question—The Fleets in Besika Bay—Lord Clarendon's Despatch—The Czar and Lord Stratford deRedcliffe—Nesselrode's "Last Effort"—Military Preparations—Blindness of the British Cabinet—Nesselrode'sUltimatum rejected—Occupation of the Principalities—Projects of Settlement—The Vienna Note—Its Rejection bythe Porte—-Division of the Powers—Text of the Note—Divisions in the British Cabinet—The Fleets in theBosphorus—The Conference at Olmütz—The Sultan's Grand Council—Lord Stratford de Redcliffe's last Effort—Patriotismof the Turks—Omar Pasha's Victories—The Turkish Fleet destroyed at Sinope—Indignation in England—TheFrench Suggestion—It is accepted by Lord Clarendon—Russia demands Explanations—Diplomatic Relationssuspended—The Letter of Napoleon III.—The Western Powers arm—An Ultimatum to Russia—It is unanswered—TheBaltic Fleet—Publication of the Correspondence—Declarations of War 19

CHAPTER III.

THE REIGN OF VICTORIA (continued).

Attitude of the German Powers—The Lines at Boulair—The Campaign on the Danube—The Siege of Silistria—It israised—Evacuation of the Principalities—The British Fleet in the Black Sea—Arrival of the Allied Armies—ACouncil of War—The Movement on Varna—Unhealthiness of the Camp—An Attack on the Crimea resolved on—Doubtsof the Military Authorities—Despatch to Lord Raglan—Lord Lyndhurst's Speech—Raglan's reluctant Assent—TheExpedition sails—Debarkation in t

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